Formic acid | SSHADE

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Molecule

Name: Formic acid

Name and identifiers

IUPAC name: Formic acid
Secondary names: Methanoic acid, Aminic acid, Formylic acid, Hydrogen carboxylic acid, Hydroxymethanone, Hydroxy(oxo)methane, Metacarbonoic acid, Oxocarbinic acid, Oxomethanol, HCOOH, CH2O2, HCO2H
InChI: InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
InChI key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS number: 64-18-6

Structure and atomic composition

Formula: $HCOOH$
Chemical formula: CH2O2
Structural formula: [CH](=O)[OH]
Charge: 0
Unpaired electrons: 0

	Atom	Name	Number
	$H$	Hydrogen	2
	$C$	Carbon	1
	$O$	Oxygen	2

Relations

no

Isotopic composition

Isotope mixture type: terrestrial abundance

Nuclear spin isomers

Spin type: equilibrated

Molar mass: 46.0254 $g/mol$
State STP: liquid
State NTP: liquid
Protic: protic
Polarity: polar
Dipole: 1.425 $D$

Fundamental vibration modes

Molecule symmetry

Cs

Case

nonlinear-polyatomic

Vibrations number

9

Vibrations

Label	Mode	Bond	Symmetry	Degeneracy	Fundamental frequency	Observed frequency	Observed frequency	Harmonic frequency	Activity IR	Activity Raman	Strength	Comments
V1	stretching	$-O-H$	$A_{}'$	no	3570.0	3570.0			active		m
V2	stretching	$\eqslantgtr C-H$	$A_{}'$	no	2943.0	2942.8			active		m
V3	stretching	$>C=O$	$A_{}'$	no	1770.0	1770.0			active		vs
V4	bending	$\eqslantgtr C-H$	$A_{}'$	no	1387.0	1387.0			active		vw
V5	bending	$-O-H$	$A_{}'$	no	1229.0	1229.0			active		w
V6	stretching	$\eqslantgtr C-O-$	$A_{}'$	no	1105.0	1105.3			active		s
V7	deformation	$O=C(-)-O-$	$A_{}'$	no	625.0	625.0			active		m
V8	bending	$\eqslantgtr C-H$	$A$	no	1033.0	1033.0			active		w
V9	deformation	$HCOOH$	$A$	no	638.0	638.0			active		s

Publications

Shimanouchi, 1972, Natl. Bur. Stand., 39, 1 - 160

Chemical functions and bonds

Chemical functions

	Function	Number
	$R-C(=O)-OH$	1

Chemical bonds

	Bond	Number
	$-O-H$	1
	$>C=O$	1
	$\eqslantgtr C-H$	1
	$\eqslantgtr C-O-$	1