Experiment
VIS-NIR reflectance spectra collected during a sublimation experiment with ternary mixtures of CO2 frost, spherical water ice particles and JSC Mars-1 regolith simulant
Sub-Experiment
CO2 frost, 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice, 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1. Texture: compacted.
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 170.0 K (t=0.5 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 135.0 K (t=1.0 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 130.0 K (t=1.6 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 125.0 K (t=2.1 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 150.0 K (t=2.8 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 225.0 K (t=3.4 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 230.0 K (t=3.9 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 240.0 K (t=4.4 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 245.0 K (t=5.0 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 252.0 K (t=5.5 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 258.0 K (t=6.1 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 260.0 K (t=6.6 hours)
Sub-Experiment
CO2 frost, 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice, 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1. Texture: powder.
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 170.0 K (t=0.5 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 135.0 K (t=1.0 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 130.0 K (t=1.6 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 125.0 K (t=2.1 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 150.0 K (t=2.8 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 225.0 K (t=3.4 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 230.0 K (t=3.9 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 240.0 K (t=4.4 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 245.0 K (t=5.0 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 252.0 K (t=5.5 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 258.0 K (t=6.1 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 260.0 K (t=6.6 hours)
Sub-Experiment
CO2 frost, 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice, 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1. Texture: compacted.
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 170.0 K (t=0.5 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 135.0 K (t=1.0 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 130.0 K (t=1.6 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 125.0 K (t=2.1 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 150.0 K (t=2.8 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 225.0 K (t=3.4 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 230.0 K (t=3.9 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 240.0 K (t=4.4 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 245.0 K (t=5.0 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 252.0 K (t=5.5 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 258.0 K (t=6.1 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted; at 260.0 K (t=6.6 hours)
Sub-Experiment
CO2 frost, 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice, 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1. Texture: powder.
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 170.0 K (t=0.5 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 135.0 K (t=1.0 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 130.0 K (t=1.6 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 125.0 K (t=2.1 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 150.0 K (t=2.8 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 225.0 K (t=3.4 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 230.0 K (t=3.9 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 240.0 K (t=4.4 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 245.0 K (t=5.0 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 252.0 K (t=5.5 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 258.0 K (t=6.1 hours)
Spectrum
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% coarse-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: powder; at 260.0 K (t=6.6 hours)
Sample
Sample evolved by sublimation of an initial ternary mixture of CO2 frost with 3 wt.% fine-grained water ice and 0.2 wt.% of JSC Mars-1; texture: compacted;
Atom
- Name
- Titanium
- IUPAC name
- Titanium
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Ti
- InChI key
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS number
- 7440-32-6
- Comments
- natural Ti - 73.7% 48Ti + 8.2% 46Ti + 7.4% 47Ti + 5.4% 49Ti + 5.2% 50Ti
- Symbol
- Ti
- Formula
- $Ti$
- Charge
- 0
- Atomic number Z
- 22
- Molar mass
- 47.867 $g/mol$
- State STP
- solid
- Electronegativity
- 1.54
- Isotope mixture type
- terrestrial abundance
Type | K | L1 | L2 | L3 | M1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy (keV) | 4.9664 | 0.5637 | 0.4615 | 0.4555 | 0.0587 |