Constituent water ice | SSHADE

Experiment VIS-NIR reflectance spectra collected during low-temperature and near-vacuum sublimation of spherical salty ice particles (67 µm average diameter) produced by freezing droplets of a solution of 5wt.% MgSO4

Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 179.5 K Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.2 K (t=0.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.3 K (t=0.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.7 K (t=1.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.5 K (t=2.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.3 K (t=2.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.0 K (t=3.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=3.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 180.9 K (t=4.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 180.2 K (t=4.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 179.5 K (t=4.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 178.8 K (t=5.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 178.0 K (t=5.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 177.3 K (t=6.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 176.7 K (t=6.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 176.0 K (t=7.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 175.4 K (t=7.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 174.8 K (t=8.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 174.4 K (t=8.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 173.9 K (t=8.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 173.5 K (t=9.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 173.1 K (t=9.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 172.7 K (t=10.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 172.3 K (t=10.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 171.9 K (t=11.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 171.5 K (t=11.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 171.1 K (t=11.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 170.8 K (t=12.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 170.5 K (t=12.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 170.3 K (t=13.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 170.0 K (t=13.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 169.8 K (t=14.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 169.6 K (t=14.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 169.5 K (t=14.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 169.4 K (t=15.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 169.2 K (t=15.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 169.1 K (t=16.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 169.0 K (t=16.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 168.8 K (t=17.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 168.6 K (t=17.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 168.3 K (t=18.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 168.2 K (t=18.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 168.0 K (t=18.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.9 K (t=19.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.8 K (t=19.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.7 K (t=20.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.5 K (t=20.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.4 K (t=21.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.3 K (t=21.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.2 K (t=21.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.2 K (t=22.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 167.0 K (t=22.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 166.9 K (t=23.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 166.8 K (t=23.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 166.8 K (t=24.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 166.7 K (t=24.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 166.3 K (t=26.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 165.4 K (t=32.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 164.9 K (t=38.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 164.6 K (t=44.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 164.5 K (t=50.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 164.2 K (t=56.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 164.2 K (t=62.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 163.9 K (t=68.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 163.5 K (t=73.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 163.4 K (t=79.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 163.6 K (t=85.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 164.2 K (t=91.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 164.3 K (t=119.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 173.7 K (t=120.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 180.3 K (t=121.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.3 K (t=121.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.9 K (t=138.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.9 K (t=139.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.9 K (t=140.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.8 K (t=141.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.8 K (t=142.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.7 K (t=143.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.7 K (t=144.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.5 K (t=144.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.4 K (t=145.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.4 K (t=146.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.4 K (t=147.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.4 K (t=148.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.4 K (t=149.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.3 K (t=150.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.3 K (t=151.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.3 K (t=152.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.2 K (t=153.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.1 K (t=154.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.1 K (t=155.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 183.0 K (t=156.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.9 K (t=157.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.9 K (t=158.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.9 K (t=158.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.9 K (t=159.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.9 K (t=160.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.8 K (t=161.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.8 K (t=162.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.8 K (t=163.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.7 K (t=164.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.6 K (t=165.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.6 K (t=166.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.5 K (t=167.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.4 K (t=168.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.4 K (t=169.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.3 K (t=170.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.3 K (t=171.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.3 K (t=172.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.3 K (t=172.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.3 K (t=173.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.3 K (t=174.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.2 K (t=175.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.2 K (t=176.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.2 K (t=177.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.1 K (t=178.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.0 K (t=179.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.0 K (t=180.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.9 K (t=181.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.9 K (t=182.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.9 K (t=183.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.0 K (t=184.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.0 K (t=185.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 182.0 K (t=186.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.9 K (t=186.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.8 K (t=187.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.8 K (t=188.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.8 K (t=189.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.9 K (t=190.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.8 K (t=191.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.8 K (t=192.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.7 K (t=193.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.7 K (t=194.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.7 K (t=195.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.6 K (t=196.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=197.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=198.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=199.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=200.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=200.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.3 K (t=201.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=202.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=203.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=204.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=205.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=206.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=207.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=208.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=209.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=210.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.5 K (t=211.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=212.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=213.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.4 K (t=214.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.3 K (t=214.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.2 K (t=215.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.2 K (t=216.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.2 K (t=217.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.2 K (t=218.7 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.3 K (t=219.6 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.3 K (t=220.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.2 K (t=221.5 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.2 K (t=222.4 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.2 K (t=223.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.1 K (t=224.3 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.1 K (t=225.2 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.1 K (t=226.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.1 K (t=227.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.1 K (t=228.0 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.0 K (t=228.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.0 K (t=229.9 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 181.0 K (t=230.8 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 179.9 K (t=402.1 hours) Spectrum Vis-NIR spectrum of sublimating water ice + MgSO4 at 180.7 K (t=403.0 hours)

Constituent

Name: water ice
Official name: Water ice Ih

Family: molecular solid
Class: hydrogen bonded molecular solid
Compound type: inorganic molecular solid

Constituent abundance in material

Relevance: main - major
Arrangement: matrix
Mass fraction: 95.0 $\pm$ 0.1

Chemical composition

Formula: $H_2O$
Chemical formula: H2O
Elemental formula: H2 O
Isotope mixture type: terrestrial abundance

	Formula	Name	Family	Number min-max	Mole fraction	Isotope mole fraction	State	Relevance
	$H_2O$	Water	molecule	1	1.0	1.0	pure	main

Chemical functions and bonds

Chemical functions

	Function	Number	Relevance
	$R-OH$	2	main

Chemical bonds

	Bond	Number	Relevance
	$-O \dots H-$	4
	$-O-H$	2	main

Oxides composition

Oxides

Formula	$H_{2}O$
Mass fraction (%)	1.0

Class: molecular solids with hydrogen bonded molecules (03)
Type: homomolecular H-bonded solids (03.01)

Phase name: H2O Ih
Phase type: crystalline

Crystallography

Crystal system: hexagonal
Crystal class: dihexagonal-dipyramidal
Crystal class symbol: 6/mmm (D6h)
Crystal spacegroup: P6(3)/mmc

Physical properties

Molar mass: 18.0153 $g/mol$
Density: 0.917 (273 K) - 0.928 (90 K) $g/cm^3$

Optical properties

Refringence type: uniaxial
Refringence sign: unknown
Birefringence: 0.01
Refraction index $n_{\alpha}$: 1.31
Refraction index $n_{\beta}$: 1.33
Color: light blue (when thick)
Diaphaneity: transparent
Luster: vitreous