Experiment
Vis-NIR reflectance spectra of JSC Mars 1 or Dark basalt powders pure, and/or mixed with H2O ice (with ice particles ~4 or ~67 µm, or in a slab), and/or covered with H2O frost
Sub-Experiment
Mineral powders
Sub-Experiment
JSC Mars-1
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (original powder) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (grains > 400 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (grains 200-400 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (grains 100-200 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) at 293 K
Sub-Experiment
Dark basalt
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt (original powder) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt (grains > 400 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt (grains 200-400 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt (grains 100-200 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt (grains < 100 µm) at 293 K
Sub-Experiment
Water frost on JSC Mars-1
Sub-Experiment
Water frost on grains > 400 µm
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (grains > 400 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~14 µm thick) on JSC Mars-1 (grains > 400 µm) at ~110 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~33 µm thick) on JSC Mars-1 (grains > 400 µm) at ~110 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~50 µm thick) on JSC Mars-1 (grains > 400 µm) at ~110 K
Sub-Experiment
Water frost on grains < 100 µm
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~14 µm thick) on JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) at ~110 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~33 µm thick) on JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) at ~110 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~50 µm thick) on JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) at ~110 K
Sub-Experiment
Water frost on Dark basalt
Sub-Experiment
Water frost on grains > 400 µm
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt (grains > 400 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~13 µm thick) on Dark basalt (grains > 400 µm) at ~100 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~52 µm thick) on Dark basalt (grains > 400 µm) at ~100 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~75 µm thick) on Dark basalt (grains > 400 µm) at ~100 K
Sub-Experiment
Water frost on grains < 100 µm
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt (grains < 100 µm) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~13 µm thick) on Dark basalt (grains < 100 µm) at ~100 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~52 µm thick) on Dark basalt (grains < 100 µm) at ~100 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~75 µm thick) on Dark basalt (grains < 100 µm) at ~100 K
Sub-Experiment
Intimate mixture of Water ice and JSC Mars-1
Sub-Experiment
Intimate mixture with water ice particles 4.5±2.5 μm
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (original powder) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 mixed with 10 wt% Water ice particles (4.5±2.5 μm) at ~90 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 mixed with 35 wt% Water ice particles (4.5±2.5 μm) at ~90 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 mixed with 50 wt% Water ice particles (4.5±2.5 μm) at ~90 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 mixed with 75 wt% Water ice particles (4.5±2.5 μm) at ~90 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water ice particles (4.5±2.5 μm) at ~120 K
Sub-Experiment
Intimate mixture with water ice particles 67±31 μm
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 (original powder) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 mixed with 10 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~100 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 mixed with 35 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~100 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 mixed with 50 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~100 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of JSC Mars-1 mixed with 75 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~100 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~120 K
Sub-Experiment
Intimate mixture of Water ice and Dark basalt
Sub-Experiment
Intimate mixture with water ice particles 67±31 μm
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt (original powder) at 293 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt mixed with 35 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~120 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt mixed with 50 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~120 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Dark basalt mixed with 75 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~120 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~120 K
Sub-Experiment
Intimate mixture with water ice particles 67±31 μm and Frost
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~80 µm) over Dark basalt mixed with 35 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~120 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~80 µm) over Dark basalt mixed with 50 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~120 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water frost (~80 µm) over Dark basalt mixed with 75 wt% Water ice particles (67±31 μm) at ~120 K
Sub-Experiment
Water saturated frozen soils
Sub-Experiment
JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm)
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (87 wt%) JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) after 3h of sublimation
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (87 wt%) JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) after 7h of sublimation
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (87 wt%) JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) after 14h of sublimation
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (87 wt%) JSC Mars-1 (grains < 100 µm) after 17h of sublimation
Sub-Experiment
Dark basalt (grains < 100 µm)
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (90 wt%) Dark Basalt (grains < 100 µm) after 3h of sublimation
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (90 wt%) Dark Basalt (grains < 100 µm) after 3.5h of sublimation
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (90 wt%) Dark Basalt (grains < 100 µm) after 4h of sublimation
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (90 wt%) Dark Basalt (grains < 100 µm) after 4.5h of sublimation
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Frozen water saturated (90 wt%) Dark Basalt (grains < 100 µm) after 4.6h of sublimation
Constituent
- Name
- H2O ice
- Official name
- Water ice Ih
- Family
- molecular solid
- Class
- hydrogen bonded molecular solid
- Compound type
- inorganic molecular solid
- Relevance
- main - minor
- Arrangement
- single phase
- Mass fraction
- 1.0
- Mole fraction
- 1.0
- Formula
- $H_2O$
- Chemical formula
- H2O
- Elemental formula
- H2 O
- Isotope mixture type
- terrestrial abundance
- Oxides
-
Formula $H_{2}O$ Mass fraction (%) 1.0
- Class
- molecular solids with hydrogen bonded molecules (03)
- Type
- homomolecular H-bonded solids (03.01)
- Phase name
- H2O Ih
- Phase type
- crystalline
- Crystal system
- hexagonal
- Crystal class
- dihexagonal-dipyramidal
- Crystal class symbol
- 6/mmm (D6h)
- Crystal spacegroup
- P6(3)/mmc
- Molar mass
- 18.0153 $g/mol$
- Density
- 0.917 (273 K) - 0.928 (90 K) $g/cm^3$
- Refringence type
- uniaxial
- Refringence sign
- unknown
- Birefringence
- 0.01
- Refraction index $n_{\alpha}$
- 1.31
- Refraction index $n_{\beta}$
- 1.33
- Color
- light blue (when thick)
- Diaphaneity
- transparent
- Luster
- vitreous